Publications

2025

• FLORA: Unsupervised Knowledge Graph Alignment by Fuzzy Logic
  
  • Peng Yiwen
  • Bonald Thomas
  • Suchanek Fabian M.
  , 2025, pp.196–215. Knowledge graph alignment is the task of matching equivalent entities (that is, instances and classes) and relations across two knowledge graphs. Most existing methods focus on pure entity-level alignment, computing the similarity of entities in some embedding space. They lack interpretable reasoning and need training data to work. In this paper, we propose FLORA, a simple yet effective method that (1) is unsupervised, i.e., does not require training data, (2) provides a holistic alignment for entities and relations iteratively, (3) is based on fuzzy logic and thus delivers interpretable results, (4) provably converges, (5) allows dangling entities, i.e., entities without a counterpart in the other KG, and (6) achieves state-of-the-art results on major benchmarks. (10.1007/978-3-032-09527-5_11)
  DOI : 10.1007/978-3-032-09527-5_11
• TEP-ones: A simple yet effective approach for transferability estimation of pruned backbones
  
  • Spadaro Gabriele
  • Bragagnolo Andrea
  • Renzulli Riccardo
  • Grangetto Marco
  • Giraldo Jhony
  • Fiandrotti Attilio
  • Tartaglione Enzo
  Neurocomputing, Elsevier, 2025, 668, pp.132209:01-132209-13. In deep learning, the conventional transfer learning paradigm involves fine-tuning a model pre-trained on a complex source task to adapt it to a simpler target task, capitalizing on abundant training data. Concurrently, the paradigm of neural network pruning has emerged as a powerful strategy for enhancing model efficiency, reducing complexity, and optimizing resource utilization. This paper focuses on pruned model transferability estimation for resource-constraint scenarios, where the goal is to rank the performance of pruned pre-trained models on a downstream task without fine-tuning. To this end, from a formal analysis of the intra-class mutual information between samples belonging to the same target class, we observe that, as pruning increases, a sweet phase naturally arises, where the model benefits from better features at the encoder’s output. From this, we derive a Transferability Estimation for Pruned Backbones (TEP-ones) that eases the choice of which pruned model (without the need to train the classifier) is the best candidate for transfer learning. We publicly released the code and pre-trained pruned models at https://github.com/EIDOSLAB/TEP-ones. (10.1016/j.neucom.2025.132209)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.neucom.2025.132209
• MR-CoCo: an Open Mixed Reality Testbed for Co-located Couple Product Configuration and Decision-Making – A Sailboat Case Study
  
  • Vangi Fabio
  • Medeiros Daniel
  • Dastan Mine
  • Fiorentino Michele
  IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025, 31 (11), pp.9636-9644. The literature has demonstrated the advantages of Mixed Reality (MR) for product configuration by providing a more engaging and effective end-user experience. While collaborative and remote design tools in MR have been widely explored in previous studies, a noticeable gap remains in the exploration of co-located product configuration for couples. This gap is noteworthy since in many industries, couples (e.g., friends, partners) often make purchasing decisions together in physical retail environments. In this paper, we introduce MR-CoCo, an open MR testbed designed to explore collaborative configurations by co-located couples, both in the role of customers. The testbed is developed in Unity and features: (i) a shared MR space with virtual product 3D model anchoring, (ii) shared visualization of the current configuration, (iii) a versatile UI for selecting configuration areas, (iv) hand gestures for 3D drag and drop of colors and materials from 3D catalog to the product. A case study of the personalization of a sailboat is provided as proof of concept. The user study involved 24 couples (48 participants in total), simulating a purchasing experience and the related configuration using MR-CoCo. We assessed usability through post-experience evaluations, with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Co-Presence Configuration Questionnaire (CCQ) to measure collaboration and decision-making. The results demonstrated a high level of usability and perceived quality of collaboration. We also explore guidelines that can be used for remote collaboration applications, enabling configuration across a wide range of industries (e.g., automotive and clothing). (10.1109/TVCG.2025.3616734)
  DOI : 10.1109/TVCG.2025.3616734
• Exploring Touch Interactions for Input Visualization in Personal Informatics
  
  • Bhartia June
  • Bressa Nathalie
  • Huron Samuel
  , 2025. Input visualizations enable people not only to view but also to manipulate data directly through a visualization. Limited research has been done on how users expect to input data into common visualization idioms on touch-based devices in personal informatics context. To fill this gap, we conducted a gesture elicitation study on inputting data into visualizations through five different visualization idioms. Participants suggested gestures for manipulating data points and categories, suggesting consistent patterns in gesture choice influenced by operation type, visual encoding, and perceived interaction complexity. Our analysis, using five lenses -interaction target, gesture type, GUI usage, data continuity, and number of stepsshows preferences for direct manipulation, symmetry, and GUI use for abstract tasks.
• UNE ANALYSE CRITIQUE DES EXIGENCES EN MATIÈRE DE DOCUMENTATION TECHNIQUE DE L'ARTICLE 11 ET DE L'ANNEXE IV DU RÈGLEMENT EUROPÉEN SUR L'INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE (IA ACT)
  
  • Maxwell Winston
  • Breidenstein Alicia
  , 2025. Cette contribution examine les exigences en matière de documentation technique pour les systèmes d'IA à haut risque en application de l'article 11 et de l'annexe IV de l'IA Act, soulignant les incohérences et difficultés d'interprétation dans le texte.
• Determining the Intrinsic Structure of Public Software Development History: an Exploratory Study
  
  • Pietri Antoine
  • Rousseau Guillaume
  • Zacchiroli Stefano
  Empirical Software Engineering, Springer Verlag, 2025, 31 (5), pp.1-51. Collaborative software development has produced a wealth of software source code artifacts (source files and directories, commits, releases, etc.) that have been studied for decades by researchers in empirical software engineering. Due to code reuse and the fork-based development model, those artifacts form a globally interconnected graph of a size comparable to the graph of the Web. Little is known yet about the network structure of this graph; such knowledge is useful to determine the best practical approaches to efficiently analyze very large subsets of it (if not all of it) in a methodologically sound manner. In this paper we determine the most salient network topology properties of the global public software development history as captured by state-of-the-art version control systems (VCS). As our corpus we use Software Heritage, one of the largest and most diverse publicly available archives of VCS data-encompassing 9 billion unique source code files and 2 billion unique commits coming from about 150 million projects or, as a graph, 19 billion nodes and 221 billion edges. We explore topology characteristics such as: degree distributions; distribution of connected component sizes; and distribution of shortest path lengths. We characterize these topology aspects for both the entire graph and relevant subgraphs. (10.1007/s10664-025-10741-y)
  DOI : 10.1007/s10664-025-10741-y
• A historical perspective on the Schützenberger-van Trees inequality: A posterior uncertainty principle
  
  • Rioul Olivier
  , 2025, 16034 (2), pp.280–289. The Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound (BCRB) is generally at- tributed to Van Trees who published it in 1968. According to Stigler’s law of eponymy, no scientific discovery is named after its first discoverer. This is the case not only for the Cramér-Rao bound itself—due in particular to the French mathematicians Fréchet and Darmois—but also for the van Trees inequality: The French physician, geneticist, epidemiologist and mathematician Marcel-Paul (Marco) Schützenberger, in a paper of just fifteen lines written in 1956—more than a decade before van Trees—had not only derived the BCRB but, as a close examination of his proof shows, used a very original approach based on the Weyl-Heisenberg uncertainty principle on the square root of the posterior distribution. This work reviews and extends Schützenberger’s approach to Fisher information matrices, which opens up new perspectives. (10.1007/978-3-032-03921-7_29)
  DOI : 10.1007/978-3-032-03921-7_29
• Partial Independence Suffices to Rule Out Real Quantum Theory Experimentally
  
  • Weilenmann Mirjam
  • Gisin Nicolas
  • Sekatski Pavel
  Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society, 2025, 135 (18), pp.180201. The role of complex quantities in quantum theory has been puzzling physicists since the beginnings. It is thus natural to ask whether, in order to describe our experiments, the mathematical structure of complex Hilbert spaces it is built on is really necessary. Recently, it was shown that this structure is inevitable in network scenarios with independent sources. More precisely, Real Quantum Theory cannot explain the predictions of (Complex) Quantum Theory [Renou et al., Nature 600, 2021]. Here, we revisit the independence assumption underlying this work. We show that assuming partial independence is sufficient for showing the inadequacy of Real Quantum Theory. We derive a tradeoff between source independence and the Bell value achievable in Real Quantum Theory, which also lower bounds the source correlations required to explain previous experiments by means of real quantum systems. We further show that 1 bit of entanglement is necessary and sufficient for recovering the complex quantum correlations by means of Real Quantum Theory in the scenario from [Renou et al., Nature 600, 2021]. Finally, building on [McKague et al., PRL 102, 2009], we provide a construction to simulate any complex quantum setup with m independent sources by means of Real Quantum Theory, by allowing the sources to share a m real-qubit entangled state in the first round of the experiment. (10.1103/3fv7-p8cs)
  DOI : 10.1103/3fv7-p8cs
• UWB-Based Multiplayer Positioning System for Water Polo
  
  • Cotton Florent
  • Conteville Laurie
  • Colin Elizabeth
  • Wegrzyn-Wolska Katarzyna
  , 2025, pp.13-18. <div><p>In elite sports, the position of athletes helps to observe their speed and trajectory, therefore determining their performance. Several technologies exist for tracking athletes' positions, such as video or radio frequency (RF). Focusing on aquatic sports, and more specifically on water polo, RF localization was chosen over video due to the reflection of light on water and the splashes caused by players. The technology with the best accuracy of positioning in RF is Ultra Wideband (UWB), which is widely used in elite sports. Localization in water polo leads to several constraints, such as high accuracy (about 30 cm), coverage of the entire field, frequency acquisition rate of 3 Hz, a large number of players sensed simultaneously and localization in an environment disturbed by water. To address these constraints, we propose the dimensioning of a UWB system to sense the position of polo players, offering an accuracy in 90% of cases of 31 cm in dynamic conditions, full field coverage, an average position acquisition time of 0.45 s, and the ability to locate in 59% of cases involving 4-7 players simultaneously under training match conditions.</p></div> (10.1109/STAR66750.2025.11264751)
  DOI : 10.1109/STAR66750.2025.11264751
• Quasi-optimal Sampling from Gibbs States via Non-commutative Optimal Transport Metrics
  
  • Capel Ángela
  • Gondolf Paul
  • Kochanowski Jan
  • Rouzé Cambyse
  Annales Henri Poincaré, Springer Verlag, 2025, pp.1-59. We study the problem of sampling from and preparing quantum Gibbs states of local commuting Hamiltonians on hypercubic lattices of arbitrary dimension. We prove that any such Gibbs state which satisfies a clustering condition that we coin decay of matrix-valued quantum conditional mutual information (MCMI) can be quasi-optimally prepared on a quantum computer. We do this by controlling the mixing time of the corresponding Davies evolution in a normalized quantum Wasserstein distance of order one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a non-commutative transport metric has been used in the study of quantum dynamics, and the first time quasi-rapid mixing is implied by solely an explicit clustering condition. Our result is based on a weak approximate tensorization and a weak modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality for such systems, as well as a new general weak transport cost inequality. If we furthermore assume a constraint on the local gap of the thermalizing dynamics, we obtain rapid mixing in trace distance for interactions beyond the range of two, thereby extending the state-of-the-art results that only cover the nearest neighbour case. We conclude by showing that systems that admit effective local Hamiltonians, like quantum CSS codes at high temperature, satisfy this MCMI decay and can thus be efficiently prepared and sampled from. (10.1007/s00023-025-01637-0)
  DOI : 10.1007/s00023-025-01637-0
• Huygens’ Metasurface for Sub-7 GHz MIMO Antenna Beamsteering
  
  • Medrar Ghiles
  • Lepage Anne Claire
  • Begaud Xavier
  , 2025.
• Indoor RF Propagation Modeling in Mixed Air-Water Environments for Swimmers Tracking
  
  • Ta Michael
  • Conteville Laurie
  • Colin Elizabeth
  • Laheurte Jean Marc
  , 2025, pp.1-6. In this study, we propose indoor propagation model for swimmers tracking based on ray-tracing with the image method. We focus on the swimming phase, i.e. when the swimmer is at the air-water interface with a simplified 3D modeling of the indoor environment. The proposed model is validated by measurements at the water surface (0+). The multipath patterns linked to the indoor environment of the measurements correspond to those of the simulated model. (10.1109/RFID-TA63091.2025.11265911)
  DOI : 10.1109/RFID-TA63091.2025.11265911
• Quantum Gibbs states are locally Markovian
  
  • Chen Chi-Fang
  • Rouzé Cambyse
  , 2025. The Markov property entails the conditional independence structure inherent in Gibbs distributions for general classical Hamiltonians, a feature that plays a crucial role in inference, mixing time analysis, and algorithm design. However, much less is known about quantum Gibbs states. In this work, we show that for any Hamiltonian with a bounded interaction degree, the quantum Gibbs state is locally Markov at arbitrary temperature, meaning there exists a quasi-local recovery map for every local region. Notably, this recovery map is obtained by applying a detailed-balanced Lindbladian with jumps acting on the region. Consequently, we prove that (i) the conditional mutual information (CMI) for a shielded small region decays exponentially with the shielding distance, and (ii) under the assumption of uniform clustering of correlations, Gibbs states of general non-commuting Hamiltonians on $D$-dimensional lattices can be prepared by a quantum circuit of depth $e^{O(\log^D(n/ε))}$, which can be further reduced assuming certain local gap condition. Our proofs introduce a regularization scheme for imaginary-time-evolved operators at arbitrarily low temperatures and reveal a connection between the Dirichlet form, a dynamic quantity, and the commutator in the KMS inner product, a static quantity. We believe these tools pave the way for tackling further challenges in quantum thermodynamics and mixing times, particularly in low-temperature regimes.
• Sample Complexity of Locally Differentially Private Quantum Hypothesis Testing
  
  • Cheng Hao-Chung
  • Hirche Christoph
  • Rouzé Cambyse
  , 2024, pp.2921-2926. Quantum state discrimination is an important problem in many information processing tasks. In this work we are concerned with finding the best possible sample complexity when the states are preprocessed by a quantum channel that is required to be locally differentially private. We give achievability and converse bounds that nearly match the best known classical bounds. On the way, we prove several novel inequalities between quantum divergences that should be of independent interest. (10.1109/ISIT57864.2024.10619433)
  DOI : 10.1109/ISIT57864.2024.10619433
• Heisenberg-limited Hamiltonian learning continuous variable systems via engineered dissipation
  
  • Möbus Tim
  • Bluhm Andreas
  • Gefen Tuvia
  • Tong Yu
  • Werner Albert
  • Rouzé Cambyse
  , 2025. Discrete and continuous variables oftentimes require different treatments in many learning tasks. Identifying the Hamiltonian governing the evolution of a quantum system is a fundamental task in quantum learning theory. While previous works mostly focused on quantum spin systems, where quantum states can be seen as superpositions of discrete bit-strings, relatively little is known about Hamiltonian learning for continuous-variable quantum systems. In this work we focus on learning the Hamiltonian of a bosonic quantum system, a common type of continuous-variable quantum system. This learning task involves an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space and unbounded operators, making mathematically rigorous treatments challenging. We introduce an analytic framework to study the effects of strong dissipation in such systems, enabling a rigorous analysis of cat qubit stabilization via engineered dissipation. This framework also supports the development of Heisenberg-limited algorithms for learning general bosonic Hamiltonians with higher-order terms of the creation and annihilation operators. Notably, our scheme requires a total Hamiltonian evolution time that scales only logarithmically with the number of modes and inversely with the precision of the reconstructed coefficients. On a theoretical level, we derive a new quantitative adiabatic approximation estimate for general Lindbladian evolutions with unbounded generators. Finally, we discuss possible experimental implementations.
• Modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for CSS codes
  
  • Stengele Sebastian
  • Capel Ángela
  • Gao Li
  • Lucia Angelo
  • Pérez-García David
  • Pérez-Hernández Antonio
  • Rouzé Cambyse
  • Warzel Simone
  , 2025. We consider the class of Davies quantum semigroups modelling thermalization for translation-invariant Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes in D dimensions. We prove that conditions of Dobrushin-Shlosman-type on the quantum Gibbs state imply a modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality with a constant that is uniform in the system's size. This is accomplished by generalizing parts of the classical results on thermalization by Stroock, Zegarlinski, Martinelli, and Olivieri to the CSS quantum setting. The results in particular imply the rapid thermalization at any positive temperature of the toric code in 2D and the star part of the toric code in 3D, implying a rapid loss of stored quantum information for these models.
• Adaptive Learned Message Passing Algorithms for Decoding Error Correcting Codes
  
  • Yousefi Mansoor
  • Tasdighi Alireza
  , 2025. <div><p>The weighted belief propagation (WBP) for the decoding of the linear block codes is considered. In WBP, the Tanner graph of the code is unrolled with respect to the iterations of the belief propagation decoder. Then, weights are assigned to the edges of the resulting recurrent network, and optimized offline using a training data set. In this paper, an adaptive neural decoder is proposed, where the weights of the decoder are determined for each received word. Two variants of this decoder are investigated. In the parallel weighted min-sum (WMS) decoder, the weights take values in a discrete set. A number of WMS decoders are run in parallel to search for the best sequence of weights in realtime. In the two-stage decoder, a small neural network is used to determine the weights of the WMS decoder for each received word. The findings show that the adaptive neural decoders offer substantial improvements in the bit error rate compared to their static counterparts for several codes, at about the same computational complexity.</p></div>
• MVFL: Multivariate Vertical Federated Learning for Time-Series Forecasting
  
  • Yang Xicun
  • Jung Junepyo
  • Lu Jialiang
  • Lim Keun-Woo
  • Linguaglossa Leonardo
  , 2025, pp.1-7. Extending multivariate time series forecasting to resource-constrained edge devices is essential for enabling intelligent and sustainable IoT services. A common scenario involves vertically partitioned data across devices, where each device must forecast its own variables while benefiting from others' information. This paper studies a resource-efficient solution for this scenario based on vertical federated learning (VFL). Prior VFL frameworks are designed for situations where only one party holds the labels and would struggle to meet the demand of the targeted scenario, as storage resources usage would increase dramatically with the number of devices. Going beyond VFL, we design multivariate vertical federated learning (MVFL) as a novel federated learning framework, where we separate communication features and local features in an embedded feature space. This design enables MVFL to utilize storage and communication resources more efficiently by eliminating redundant models. On four real-world benchmarks, MVFL outperforms the VFL approach in both efficiency and accuracy, demonstrating its practical value for distributed IoT systems. (10.23919/CNSM67658.2025.11297529)
  DOI : 10.23919/CNSM67658.2025.11297529
• Enriching Taxonomies using Large Language Models
  
  • Ghamlouch Zeinab
  • Alam Mehwish
  , 2025. Taxonomies play a vital role in structuring and categorising information across domains. However, many existing taxonomies suffer from limited coverage and outdated or ambiguous nodes, reducing their effectiveness in knowledge retrieval. To address this, we present Taxoria, a novel taxonomy enrichment pipeline that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance a given taxonomy. Unlike approaches that extract internal LLM taxonomies, Taxoria uses an existing taxonomy as a seed and prompts an LLM to propose candidate nodes for enrichment. These candidates are then validated to mitigate hallucinations and ensure semantic relevance before integration. The final output includes an enriched taxonomy with provenance tracking and visualisation of the final merged taxonomy for analysis.
• Automatic Analysis of Collaboration Through Human Conversational Data Resources: A Review
  
  • Yu Yi
  • Boritchev Maria
  • Clavel Chloé
  , 2025. Collaboration is a task-oriented, high-level human behavior. In most cases, conversation serves as the primary medium for information exchange and coordination, making conversational data a valuable resource for the automatic analysis of collaborative processes. In this paper, we focus on verbal aspects of collaboration and conduct a review of collaboration analysis using task-oriented conversation resources, encompassing related theories, coding schemes, tasks, and modeling approaches. We aim to address the question of how to utilize task-oriented human-human conversational data for collaboration analysis. We hope our review will serve as a practical resource and illuminate unexplored areas for future collaboration analysis.
• How NixOS could have detected the XZ supply-chain attack for the benefit of all thanks to reproducible-builds
  
  • Malka Julien
  , 2025. <div><p>In March 2024, a sophisticated backdoor was discovered in xz, a core compression library in Linux distributions, covertly inserted over three years by a malicious maintainer, Jia Tan. The attack, which enabled remote code execution via ssh, was only uncovered by chance when Andres Freund investigated a minor performance issue. This incident highlights the vulnerability of the open-source supply chain and the effort attackers are willing to invest in gaining trust and access. In this article, I analyze the backdoor's mechanics and explore how bitwise build reproducibility could have helped detect it.</p></div>
• Iffy-Or-Not: Critically Evaluating Potential Misinformation With Fallacy Detection and Socratic Questioning Using LLMs
  
  • Lim Gionnieve
  • Kim Juho
  • Perrault Simon
  ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, 33 (1), pp.8:1-8:40. Social platforms have expanded opportunities for deliberation with the comments being used to inform one's opinion. However, using such information to form opinions is challenged by unsubstantiated or false content. To enhance the quality of opinion formation and potentially confer resistance to misinformation, we developed Iffy-Or-Not ( ION ), a browser extension that seeks to invoke critical thinking when reading texts. With three features guided by argumentation theory, ION highlights fallacious content, suggests diverse queries to probe them with, and offers deeper questions to consider and chat with others about. From a user study ( \(N=18\) ), we found that ION encourages users to be more attentive to the content, suggests queries that align with or are preferable to their own, and poses thought-provoking questions that expands their perspectives. However, some participants expressed aversion to ION due to misalignments with their information goals and thinking predispositions. Potential backfiring effects with ION are discussed. (10.1145/3771935)
  DOI : 10.1145/3771935
• Make me an Expert: Distilling from Generalist Black-Box Models into Specialized Models for Semantic Segmentation
  
  • Benigmim Yasser
  • Roy Subhankar
  • Oublal Khalid
  • Marouf Imad Eddine
  • Essid Slim
  • Kalogeiton Vicky
  • Lathuilière Stéphane
  , 2025. The rise of Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) democratizes access to pre-trained models via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), but also raises a fundamental question: how can local models be effectively trained using black-box models that do not expose their weights, training data, or logits, a constraint in which current domain adaptation paradigms are impractical ? To address this challenge, we introduce the Black-Box Distillation (B2D) setting, which enables local model adaptation under realistic constraints: (1) the API model is open-vocabulary and trained on large-scale general-purpose data, and (2) access is limited to one-hot predictions only. We identify that open-vocabulary models exhibit significant sensitivity to input resolution, with different object classes being segmented optimally at different scales, a limitation termed the "curse of resolution". Our method, ATtention-Guided sCaler (ATGC), addresses this challenge by leveraging DINOv2 attention maps to dynamically select optimal scales for black-box model inference. ATGC scores the attention maps with entropy to identify informative scales for pseudo-labelling, enabling effective distillation. Experiments demonstrate substantial improvements under black-box supervision across multiple datasets while requiring only one-hot API predictions. Our code is available at https://github.com/yasserben/ATGC. (10.48550/arXiv.2509.00509)
  DOI : 10.48550/arXiv.2509.00509
• Supervised learning methods for offline reinforcement learning
  
  • Ghanem Abdelghani
  , 2025. Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables policy learning from static trajectory data without environment interaction, presenting unique challenges for effective representation learning and optimization. This thesis investigates supervised learning methods for offline RL, with a focus on sequence modeling approaches using transformer architectures. We present several key contributions that advance both theoretical understanding and empirical performance in this domain.First, we propose Multi-Objective Decision Transformers (MO-DT), which jointly optimize action, state, and return prediction to encourage richer attention patterns compared to single-task approaches. To address the non-smoothness of action distributions, we introduce Trust Region Decision Transformers (TRDT), which augment trajectories with action-space regions to smooth representations and improve cross-modal attention. Second, we develop the Reward-Guided Decision Translator (RGDT), an encoder-decoder architecture that recasts offline RL as sequence-to-sequence modeling, predicting next states rather than actions while directly conditioning on sequences of future returns.Our theoretical contributions include a comprehensive framework based on modified gradient flow analysis that reveals how multi-task training fundamentally shapes optimization dynamics. We prove that gradient descent implicitly encourages task disagreement by minimizing inner products between task gradients, with multi-objective training introducing first-order regularization and sequential training adding potentially harmful second-order corrections. Furthermore, we establish sample complexity bounds for offline RL sequence modeling, identifying critical transitions between small-data and large-data regimes and revealing trade-offs between context coverage breadth and sampling depth.Empirically, our methods significantly outperform vanilla Decision Transformers and match or exceed state-of-the-art baselines on D4RL locomotion benchmarks. Our theoretical predictions accurately forecast optimization trajectories and provide actionable principles for designing effective multi-task training strategies in offline RL. Together, these contributions demonstrate how principled supervised learning approaches can effectively address the challenges of learning from static trajectory data. (10.70675/9379c20bzc687z4c07zaa9cz12b110517c4f)
  DOI : 10.70675/9379c20bzc687z4c07zaa9cz12b110517c4f
• Secure Group Key Dissemination Protocol in Cooperative Vehicular Platooning
  
  • Braiteh Farah-Emma
  • Bassi Francesca
  • Khatoun Rida
  , 2025. Cooperative vehicular platoons improve road safety and reduce congestion through synchronized maneuvers enabled by Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. Vehicles are authenticated using certificates from the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Short-term certificates, serving as vehicle identifiers, change over time and distance, which may lead to legitimate members being misidentified as attackers in the platoon, resulting in false positives. Additionally, sensitive data, such as platoon IDs, must be protected from impersonation attacks by external vehicles. To address these challenges, we propose a secure group key-based authentication framework that uses post-quantum cryptography and Shamir’s Secret Sharing for key exchange. This ensures accurate member authentication and protection of platoon data. Security analysis using the Scyther tool along with simulations using PLEXE simulator demonstrate the protocol’s effectiveness in securing platoon operations against cyber threats. (10.1109/wimob66857.2025.11257457)
  DOI : 10.1109/wimob66857.2025.11257457